Autonomous System

A collection of IP networks and routers under the control of one administrative entity.

  • Identified by a unique AS Number (ASN), assigned by IANA.
  • Contains multiple routers and uplinks to other ASes.
  • The boundary between AS domains defines the boundary between Intra-AS and Inter-AS routing.

Routing

Intra-AS

Operates within a single AS. Aka. Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).

Inter-AS

Operates between different ASes. Aka. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP).

ScopePrincipleProtocols
Intra-ASDistance VectorRIP
Intra-ASLink StateOSPF, IS-IS
Inter-ASPath VectorBGP

See Routing for algorithm details.

Written by June 6, 2026 1 min read
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