Continuity

Work in progress. This note is still being written and incomplete.

Let D⊆CD \subseteq \mathbb{C}, let f:D→Cf: D \to \mathbb{C} be a function. ff is continuous at z0∈Dz_0 \in D iff, for every ϵ>0\epsilon > 0, there exists δ>0\delta > 0 such that, for every z∈Dz \in D,

∣z−z0∣<δ  ⟹  ∣f(z)−f(z0)∣<ϵ|z-z_0| < \delta \implies |f(z)-f(z_0)| < \epsilon

ff is continuous on A⊆DA \subseteq D iff ff is continuous at each point of AA.

Continuity at a Limit Point

Let f:D→Cf: D \to \mathbb{C}, z0∈Dz_0 \in D.

  • If z0z_0 is not an isolated point of DD, ff is continuous at z0z_0 iff lim⁡z→z0f(z)=f(z0)\displaystyle\lim_{z \to z_0} f(z) = f(z_0)
  • If z0z_0 is an isolated point of DD, ff is continuous at z0z_0

Composition of Continuous Functions

A composition of continuous functions is continuous.

Nonvanishing Near a Point

If ff is continuous and non-zero at z0z_0, then f(z)≠0f(z) \ne 0 throughout some neighborhood of z0z_0.

Boundedness on a Closed and Bounded Set

If ff is continuous on a closed and bounded set R⊆CR \subseteq \mathbb{C}, there exists a non-negative real number MM such that

∣f(z)∣≤M|f(z)| \le M

for all z∈Rz \in R, with equality for at least 1 point in RR.

Written by October 2, 2026 1 min read
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