Continuous Distribution

A model used to describe data that can take any value within a range, often with decimal precision.

Population Parameters

Mean

μ=∫−∞∞xf(x) dx\mu = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} x f(x) \, dx

Variance

σ2=∫−∞∞(x−μ)2f(x) dx\sigma^2 = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} (x - \mu)^2 f(x) \, dx

Covariance

Cov(X,Y)=∫−∞∞∫−∞∞(x−μX)(y−μY)f(x,y) dx dy\mathrm{Cov}(X, Y) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty \int_{-\infty}^\infty (x - \mu_X)(y - \mu_Y) f(x,y) \, \text{d}x \, \text{d}y

Skewness

γ1=1σ3∫−∞∞(x−μ)3f(x) dx\gamma_1 = \frac{1}{\sigma^3} \int_{-\infty}^\infty (x - \mu)^3 f(x) \, dx

Sample Statistics

The collected data points from a continuous distribution are finite and discrete samples, which makes it discrete. Sample parameters of a discrete distribution is used here.

Written by September 29, 2026 1 min read
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